abc.net.au/news/science/2023-04-02/prompt-engineers-share-their-tips-on-using-chatgpt-generative-ai/102165132
James Purtill
April 1, 2023
Jason Allen's AI-generated work, "Théâtre D’opéra Spatial," took first place in the digital category at the Colorado State Fair.(Supplied: Jason Allen)Help keep family & friends informed by sharing this articleabc.net.au/news/prompt-engineers-share-their-tips-on-using-chatgpt-generative-ai/102165132Link copied
Seven months ago, when Jason Allen used a new kind of generative artificial intelligence (AI) program to win an art competition in Colorado, he was immediately accused of cheating.
At the time, few had used these tools, and few understood what he had done. Text-to-image programs like Midjourney or Stable Diffusion were weeks old. ChatGPT hadn't been launched.
In the period since, a remarkable change has taken place. The tools have become widely popular, and an industry has sprung up around how to best use them.
Rather than "cheating", this skill goes by another name: "prompt engineering."
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Already, jobs sites feature ads for prompt engineers, while Australian marketing companies are asking for "know-how on prompting ChatGPT". Many experts say knowing how to talk to an AI program to get the best results will be a basic skill, like email or googling.
This new-found appreciation of prompt engineering skills is colliding with interpretations of copyright law. US authorities recently rejected Mr Allen's application to copyright his prize-winning image, saying "it does not contain any human authorship".
"I thought we were going to be basking in the celebration of AI," said Mr Allen, based in Colorado, about the creation of this image.
"Instead, I'm kind of like the guy that opened Pandora's Box."
So, what is prompt engineering?
And how in-demand will this new skill become?
Learning the words of power
Most AI tools available now either generate text, such as ChatGPT, or images, such as Midjourney.
A few others do text-to-song, text-to-video, and so on.
Bing Chat AI is an exception to this. It is multi-modal, meaning it can generate both text and images from a text prompt.
First up, let's focus on text-to-image generation.
To understand how to communicate with the AI program, we need to know a little bit about how it works.
Text-to-image AI programs have been trained on a vast number of images scraped from the internet, along with any associated text.
Images scraped from, for instance, a forum for the Unreal gaming engine, will be automatically tagged with "Unreal" (along with other words, such as their caption).
Because many images have this tag (Unreal is a popular engine, so there are lots of images), the word "Unreal" has "weight" within the AI-training dataset.
This weight makes the word a powerful prompt for the AI program, generating a certain predictable aesthetic.
Including the prompt "Unreal" generates an image that looks like game concept art.(Supplied: PromptHero)
The same is true for any words related to cinematography, art direction, graphic design and art criticism.
However, there's no definitive guide or manual to what prompts work, or have what effect. Instead, learning how to speak to the AI is a process of trial and error.
In the months since programs like Midjourney became available,communities devoted to unpicking and sharing the secrets of AI prompts have sprung up online.
One of the largest of these is PromptHero. It started in September and has 150,000 users, of which 10,000 are active.
"I spotted this problem that when you first try to get something done with this, the first thing you usually do is pretty bad," said its co-founder Javier Ramirez, based in Portugal.
"You need to prompt in the right way to get a high-quality output."
He referred us to one of the community's members, a man who lives in the US Midwest and prefers to be identified by his PlatformHero profile, JHawkk.
The prompt included "analog style" and "Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 STM Lens".
The image above, for instance, was made in Stable Diffusion with a string of 15 prompt phrases, from "analog style" to "cyberpunk".
JHawkk also used 31 negative prompts, describing what the image should not contain, from "disgusting" to "poorly drawn feet".
The trick to AI art was knowing the right words, JHawkk said. Like an engineer translating a design into mathematical figures, he converts the discrete aesthetic elements of an image ("ray tracing", "rim lighting") into the peculiar language of the model.
"Sometimes you see an image, and so you start to break apart the images into smaller phrases," he said.
"Essentially, it's how you might describe that image and especially in a way that the actual model itself could interpret that."
The making of Théâtre D'opéra Spatial
Jason Allen said he will "never" share the string of prompts that generated his prize-winning image,Théâtre D'opéra Spatial, but was willing to talk about the process of creation.
As with JHawkk, he started by learning the right words.
"I wanted to create a cinematic scene like you might see out of a movie," he said.
"So I'm going online and finding a keyword dictionary of everything related to cinematography. I'm essentially learning to be a cinematographer."
He spent "weeks" testing different aesthetic elements in Midjourney, until he was confident he could accurately reproduce the images he imagined.
"We're looking for results coming out of your mind and seeing it in the final piece."
One of Jason Allen's other entries at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition.(Supplied: Jason Allen)
Then it was time to introduce the subject.
"I was in a hypnagogic state, I was half asleep, half dreaming these women in Victorian dresses wearing space helmets."
He wanted to combine the fashion of 19th-century England's Victorian era and the romance and melodrama of a Star Wars-like space opera.
He then made many variations on this theme by tweaking the prompts.
All up, he spent roughly 80 hours working on his entry.
Another of Jason Allen's "space opera" entries in the fine arts competition.
Mr Allen has hired a lawyer and appealed the US Copyright Office's decision to not award copyright, arguing that it didn't understand AI is "just a tool".
"What are you saying? Is it a person? Because it's not a person. I'm the person," he said.
"Stop throwing the users under the bus.
"We all have our creative dreams. We all have our ideas. Without that, the AI is nothing."
AI-whisperer, salary $US335,000
While prompting for image generators involves mixing together thematic elements in an unpredictable way, prompting for text generation is very different. The focus is more on giving a very clear set of instructions.
In London, the law firm Mishcon de Raya is after a prompt engineer, able to "design and develop high-quality prompts for a range of legal and non-legal use cases".
Nick West, its chief strategy officer, said one "use case" might be analysing contracts.
"The combination of the breakthroughs of GPT4 and the chat bit of ChatGPT suddenly make this a very attractive space.
"I do believe we will be able to do stuff that we wouldn't otherwise have been able to do."
But first, the firm needs a prompt engineer.
"It turns out there are better ways of writing the prompt and less good ways of writing that prompt.
"That's what prompt engineering is."
Which of these artworks were created using AI?
We put an AI image generator and a human illustrator head-to-head.Read more
In San Francisco, tech company Anthropic is offering a salary of up to $US335,000 ($500,000) for a prompt engineer.
"It's a hybrid between programming, instructing, and teaching," the ad reads.
Matt Bell, a member of Anthropic's technical staff, said the company had received more than 1,000 responses.
Although coding knowledge and a background in machine learning were helpful, "prompting itself does not require a coding background," he said.
"In fact, our best prompter is a philosopher.
"Good prompting involves writing extremely clear explanations ... and figuring out reasons for misunderstandings and how to prevent them."
How to speak to ChatGPT or Bing Chat AI
The key to good prompt engineering was breaking a complex task into a set of simple ones, said Lingqiao Liu, a senior lecturer at the University of Adelaide's Australian Institute for Machine Learning (AIML).
Programs like ChatGPT have a tendency to slip into what he calls an "easy pattern". If you ask it a simple question (known as a "zero-shot prompt"), it will typically respond with a "vanilla" answer, lacking detail or structure.
Write an introduction to the cassowary.The cassowary is a large, flightless bird that is native to the tropical forests of Australia and Papua New Guinea. It is considered one of the most dangerous birds in the world, due to its powerful legs, sharp claws, and aggressive behavior. With its striking appearance and unique characteristics, the cassowary has captured the attention of many people around the world. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of the cassowary, exploring its physical features, habitat, behavior, diet, and conservation status. Despite its fearsome reputation, the cassowary plays an important role in the ecosystem as a seed disperser and predator, and it is essential to protect this iconic species from threats such as habitat loss and hunting.
But there are ways to encourage it to do more.
"The general philosophy is we try and find a smarter way to let GPT explore more possibilities," Dr Liu said.
One method is "one-shot prompting". Give the AI quick explanation of what you need, by giving an example of a question-answer pair. When you ask the next question, the AI will use that answer template.
Question: What is a cassowary?Answer:Quick stat: The cassowary is is considered one of the most dangerous birds in the worldCharacteristics: They are large, with powerful legs and sharp claws.Where do they live: The tropical forests of Australia and Papua New Guinea.What do they eat: Cassowaries are omnivores, which means they eat both plant and animal matter.Endangered status: The Southern Cassowary is listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The Northern Cassowary is listed as Vulnerable.Question:What is a kookaburra?Answer:Quick stat: The kookaburra is a beloved bird native to Australia, known for its distinctive call that sounds like raucous laughter.Characteristics: They are large, with powerful beaks and a stocky build.Where do they live: Throughout Australia, primarily in eucalyptus forests and woodlands, as well as suburban areas where they often nest in tree hollows.What do they eat: Carnivores, and their diet consists of insects, small mammals, reptiles, and birds.Endangered status: The kookaburra is listed as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Another method is known as role prompting. Provide the AI with a role that matches the form of the answer you want to receive.
Explain the powerful owl to me in the style of David Attenborough.Ah, the powerful owl, one of Australia's most magnificent and imposing birds of prey. With its piercing yellow eyes and impressive wingspan, the powerful owl commands respect in the forests where it resides. This remarkable creature can grow up to 65 cm in length and weigh up to 1.4 kg, making it one of the largest owl species in the world.The powerful owl is found throughout the eastern and southeastern parts of Australia, from northern Queensland to Tasmania. It prefers to make its home in tall eucalyptus forests, where it can easily hunt for its preferred prey of small mammals such as possums and gliders, as well as birds and insects. Despite its size and power, the powerful owl is also known for its gentle nature and the care it shows towards its young.
A third method is introducing a critical agent. You can ask ChatGPT to write, for instance, a story about a robot, and then ask it to criticise and rewrite the story using its own suggestions.
Criticise the following text and convince me why its not good. Let’s think about the problems with the text step by step.Firstly, the text lacks an engaging opening. The writer could have started with a hook or a question to capture the reader's attention.Secondly, the description of the powerful owl's physical attributes is somewhat bland and generic. While mentioning its size and weight is informative, the writer could have added more interesting details to make the description more engaging and captivating.Thirdly, the writer could have included more information on the owl's behaviour and lifestyle, such as their nesting habits or social behaviour. This would give the reader a more complete picture of the powerful owl's life and make the text more interesting.Lastly, the discussion of the owl's endangerment and the need for conservation feels rushed and tacked on. The writer could have expanded on this point to explain the specific reasons for their decline and what steps are being taken to conserve them.Overall, while the text provides some basic information about the powerful owl, it lacks engaging descriptions and detailed information that would make it more interesting and informative.Great points. Rewrite the text and improve it based on your criticism.The powerful owl is an iconic bird of prey in Australia, known for its impressive size and distinctive features. Growing up to 65 cm in length and weighing up to 1.4 kg, it is one of the largest owl species in the world. Its piercing yellow eyes and imposing wingspan command respect in the tall eucalyptus forests where it prefers to make its home.[answer continues]
A final strategy, "chain of thought", is a way of encouraging the AI to reason through a complex problem by asking it to list the steps it took to reach its answer.
Instead of asking it to "write an introduction to Australian birds", you'll get better results by asking it to first "write an outline to an introduction" for this subject. Then, ask it to follow that outline.
Please follow the outline to write an introduction to Australian birds.Sure, here's an introduction to Australian birds based on the outline provided:Australia is home to an incredibly diverse range of bird species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth. With over 800 species of birds, Australia boasts a birdwatcher's paradise. From majestic birds of prey like the wedge-tailed eagle and the powerful owl, to the unique flightless emu and the iconic kookaburra, there is no shortage of fascinating birdlife to discover. [answer continues]
Anna Bernstein, a full-time prompt engineer at the AI-powered copywriting service copy.ai, said her main tip was "clarity".
"If you printed out your input, and handed it to Data from Star Trek, what would he do?" said Ms Bernstein, who's based in New York.
"You need to pay attention to how you refer to things, label things, and give instructions."
Another tip was, "Contain the main focus of your task within the verb itself."
"Instead of 'Rewrite this to be shorter,' it's more effective and consistent to say 'Condense this.'"
Finally, avoid negative commands. Instead of saying, "Don't be overly formal", say "Keep it casual".
"The AI tends to think of pink elephants when instructed not to," Ms Bernstein said.
The rest of her know-how had to be kept secret.
"Unfortunately a lot of the discoveries I’ve made are [intellectual property], and can't be shared."
Will prompt engineering become a standard skill?
Some argue that prompt engineering will only ever be a specialist skill, and that it will become increasingly obsolete as AI tools grow better at interpreting human queries.
Knowledge of the HTML, for instance, is no longer necessary to make a basic website, like it was in the '90s.
We asked an AI tool to 'paint' images of Australia. Critics say they're good enough to sell
Computer programs, trained on the internet and only invented this year have created these artworks based on a few text prompts.Read more
Others say prompt engineering will become a foundational skill for white-collar workers, and that using these tools will be folded into many day-to-day tasks.
Dr Liu's position was somewhere between these two predictions: prompt engineering will be a standard skill, he said, but some people will be better at it than others.
For some, it would be a specialist skill, like being able to code.
"The key skillset for a programmer is actually not to write code. The important skill is how to decompose a complicated task into a sequence of several more tasks," he said.
"This kind of skill will transfer to prompt engineering."
Mishcon de Raya's Mr West had a similar take on the future.
"Basic capability in GPT4 or other models is necessary to do the job in the same way that advanced capability to use Word or whatever else is necessary.
"But again, we're right in the foothills here, no-one really knows."
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Các kỹ sư Prompt chia sẻ các mẹo sử dụng ChatGPT, Midjourney, Bing Chat
James Purtill Các kỹ sư Prompt chia sẻ các mẹo sử dụng ChatGPT, Midjourney, Bing Chat và các AI sinh trắc học khác James Purtill Tháng Tư 1, 2023
Cách đây bảy tháng, khi Jason dùng AI để giành giải nhất trong một cuộc thi nghệ thuật tại Colorado, ông ta ngay lập tức bị cáo buộc gian lận. Khi đó, ít người sử dụng các công cụ này và ít người biết ông ta làm thế nào. Các chương trình tạo hình ảnh từ văn bản như Midjourney hay Stable Diffusion vừa ra đời và ChatGPT còn chưa được công bố. Kể từ đó, đã có nhiều thay đổi diễn ra. Các công cụ này đã trở nên rất phổ biến và một ngành nghề mới ra đời. Từng bị gọi là "gian lận", kỹ năng này hiện có một cái tên khá kêu: "kỹ thuật tạo prompt."
Hiện nay, các trang web việc làm đã đăng quảng cáo tuyển kỹ sư tạo prompt, trong khi các công ty tiếp thị của Úc đang yêu cầu "kiến thức về cách tạo prompt cho ChatGPT." Nhiều chuyên gia cho rằng việc biết cách nói chuyện với AI để đạt được kết quả tốt nhất sẽ trở thành một kỹ năng cơ bản, giống như gửi email hoặc tìm kiếm trên Google. Tuy nhiên kỹ năng tạo prompt đang gặp rắc rối liên quan đến luật bản quyền. Các nhà chức trách Hoa Kỳ gần đây đã từ chối đơn đăng ký bản quyền của Allen cho hình ảnh giành giải của ông, vì cho rằng "nó không có dấu ấn của con người". "Tôi nghĩ rằng chúng ta sẽ ăn mừng AI," ông Allen, đang sống tại Colorado, nói về quá trình tạo ra hình ảnh này. "Thay vào đó, tôi giống như người đã mở hộp Pandora (hộp chứa đựng những phép thuật tà ma)." Vậy, kỹ thuật tạo prompt là gì? Và kỹ năng mới này sẽ trở nên cần thiết như thế nào? Học viết các câu prompt quyền lực Hầu hết các công cụ AI hiện nay đều tạo ra văn bản, ví dụ ChatGPT, hoặc hình ảnh, ví dụ Midjourney. Một vài công cụ khác tạo ra nhạc, video từ văn bản, v.v. Bing Chat AI là một ngoại lệ. Nó có thể tạo ra cả văn bản và hình ảnh từ một câu prompt văn bản. 1) Tạo hình ảnh từ văn bản. Để hiểu cách giao tiếp với AI, chúng ta cần biết một chút về cách nó hoạt động. Các AI tạo hình ảnh từ văn bản được đào tạo trên một số lượng lớn hình ảnh được thu thập từ internet, cùng với các văn bản liên quan. Hình ảnh được thu thập từ nhiều thứ, ví dụ, một diễn đàn chơi game Unreal, sẽ được tự động gắn thẻ "Unreal" (cùng với những từ khác, ví dụ chú thích). Bởi vì nhiều hình ảnh có thẻ này (Unreal là một trang web phổ biến, vì vậy có rất nhiều hình ảnh), từ "Unreal" có "trọng số" trong tập dữ liệu đào tạo AI. Trọng số này làm cho từ “unreal” trở thành một prompt rất có ảnh hưởng đối với AI, tạo ra một các hình ảnh có thể dự đoán được. Dùng prompt "Unreal" sẽ tạo ra một hình ảnh giống như game concept art. Các từ ngữ liên quan đến điện ảnh, đạo diễn nghệ thuật, thiết kế đồ họa và phê bình nghệ thuật cũng vậy. Tuy nhiên, không có sách nào hướng dẫn cách viết prompt cụ thể. Viết prompt là một quá trình thử sai (thử nghiệm). Vài tháng sau khi Midjourney phát hành, các cộng đồng chuyên về giải mã và chia sẻ các bí mật viết prompt AI đã phát sinh trên mạng. Một trong những cộng đồng lớn nhất trong số đó là PromptHero, ra đời vào tháng Chín và có 150.000 người dùng. "Vấn đề thường thấy khi bạn dùng AI lần đầu là kết quả khá tồi," đồng sáng lập của PromptHero Javier Ramirez, đang sống tại Bồ Đào Nha, nói. "Bạn cần tạo prompt đúng cách để có được kết quả chất lượng cao." Anh ấy giới thiệu cho chúng tôi một trong những thành viên của cộng đồng, một người đàn ông sống ở miền Tây Trung Quốc có nick là JHawkk. Prompt của anh ấy gồm "phong cách analog" và "Ống kính Canon EF 50mm f / 1.8 STM", "cyberpunk". JHawkk cũng sử dụng 31 prompt phủ định, mô tả những gì anh không muốn thấy trong ảnh, như "xấu xí", "chân vẽ sai". Bí quyết tạo tranh ảnh AI là biết viết đúng prompt, JHawkk nói. Giống như một kỹ sư chuyển bản thiết kế thành những con số toán học, anh ta chuyển các yếu tố hình ảnh ("ray tracing", "rim lighting") thành câu prompt. *"**Khi thấy một bức ảnh, bạn tìm cách sử dụng nhiều prompt ngắn để mô tả hình ảnh," anh nói. "Đó là cách bạn mô tả hình ảnh đó và đó cũng là cách mà mô hình AI hiểu hình ảnh đó." ## Quá trình tạo ra bức ảnh đoạt giải Théâtre D'opéra Spatial Jason Allen cho biết ông sẽ "không bao giờ" chia sẻ chuỗi prompt đã tạo ra hình ảnh giành giải của ông, Théâtre D'opéra Spatial, nhưng sẵn sàng chia sẻ về quá trình tạo ra ảnh đó. Giống như JHawkk, ông học cách chọn đúng từ. "Tôi muốn tạo ra một cảnh điện ảnh như bạn có thể thấy trong một bộ phim," ông nói. "Vì vậy, tôi lên mạng và tìm từ điển có từ vựng về điện ảnh. Tôi học để trở thành đạo diễn điện ảnh." Ông đã dành "nhiều tuần" để thử nghiệm tạo ra nhiều hình ảnh khác nhau trong Midjourney, cho đến khi ông tự tin có thể tạo ra hình ảnh như tưởng tượng. *Lúc đó tôi đang nửa ngủ nửa mơ tưởng tượng ra những người phụ nữ trong chiếc áo choàng Victoria đội mũ phi hành gia” – Ông muốn kết hợp thời trang thời Victoria của Anh thế kỷ 19 và tình yêu lãng mạn và kịch tính của một cuộc phiêu lưu ngoài không gian giống như bộ phim Star Wars. Sau đó, ông đã tạo nhiều biến thể về chủ đề này bằng cách chỉnh sửa các prompt. Tổng cộng, ông đã dành khoảng 80 giờ để tạo ra bức ảnh dự thi. Ông Allen đã thuê một luật sư và kháng cáo quyết định của Văn phòng Bản quyền Hoa Kỳ không trao giấy phép bản quyền. Ông cho rằng Văn phòng không hiểu rằng AI chỉ là "một công cụ". "Anh nói gì vậy? Nó không phải là một người. Tôi là con người", ông nói. "Chúng ta đều có giấc mơ sáng tạo của mình. Chúng ta đều có ý tưởng của mình. Nếu không có điều đó, AI không thể làm gì." ## Người tạo prompt, lương $ 335.000 Mỹ Viết prompt cho AI tạo hình ảnh thường yêu cầu kết hợp các yếu tố theo chủ đề theo cách ngẫu hứng. Nhưng viết prompt để tạo văn bản thì không giống như vậy đòi hỏi câu lệnh phải rõ ràng. Tại Luân Đôn, công ty luật Mishcon de Raya đang tìm kiếm một kỹ sư tạo prompt, có khả năng "thiết kế và phát triển các prompt chất lượng cao cho các tình huống pháp lý và các tình huống khác". Nick West, giám đốc chiến lược của công ty, cho biết một " tình huống " có thể là phân tích các bản hợp đồng. "Có những phương pháp viết prompt. Đó là công việc của kỹ sư tạo prompt."
Ở San Francisco, công ty công nghệ Anthropic đang đưa ra mức lương lên đến 335.000 USD cho một kỹ sư tạo prompt. "Công việc kết hợp lập trình, viết hướng dẫn và huấn luyện", quảng cáo viết. Matt Bell, một nhân viên kỹ thuật của Anthropic, cho biết công ty đã nhận được hơn 1.000 đơn xin việc. Mặc dù kiến thức về lập trình và nền tảng về học máy rất hữu ích, "prompt không đòi hỏi kiến thức nền về lập trình", ông nói. "Trên thực tế, người tạo prompt tốt nhất của chúng tôi là một nhà triết học. "Prompt tốt đòi hỏi viết giải thích rất rõ ràng ... và tìm ra nguyên nhân gây ra hiểu nhầm và cách khắc phục." ## Cách nói chuyện với ChatGPT hoặc Bing Chat AI Chìa khóa cho kỹ thuật tạo prompt hiệu quả là chia nhỏ nhiệm vụ phức tạp thành một tập hợp các nhiệm vụ đơn giản, theo Lingqiao Liu, giảng viên cấp cao tại Viện Máy học Úc (AIML) thuộc Đại học Adelaide. Các mô hình AI như ChatGPT có xu hướng tìm chọn cách dễ nhất. Nếu bạn hỏi nó một câu hỏi đơn giản (còn gọi là "zero-shot prompt"), nó sẽ cho câu trả lời khá “nhạt”, thiếu chi tiết hoặc kết cấu.
Nhưng chúng ta cần khuyến khích AI trả lời tốt hơn. Một phương pháp có tên là "prompt một lần". Giải thích nhanh cho AI về yêu cầu của bạn, cho nó ví dụ dưới dạng câu hỏi- câu trả lời. Khi bạn hỏi câu tiếp theo, AI sẽ sử dụng mẫu câu trả lời đó. Một phương pháp khác được gọi là prompt nhập trò. Giao cho AI một vai trò phù hợp với câu trả lời mà bạn muốn nhận được. Phương pháp thứ ba là tự đánh giá. Bạn có thể yêu cầu ChatGPT viết một câu chuyện, sau đó yêu cầu nó phê bình và viết lại câu chuyện theo gợi ý của chính nó. Một chiến lược cuối cùng, "chuỗi tư duy", là cách khuyến khích AI tư duy một vấn đề phức tạp: yêu cầu AI liệt kê các bước mà nó đã thực hiện để đưa ra câu trả lời của nó. Thay vì yêu cầu nó "viết một bài giới thiệu về các loài chim Úc", bạn sẽ có câu trả lời hay hơn nếu yêu cầu nó "viết dàn bài cho phần giới thiệu" cho chủ đề này. Sau đó, yêu cầu nó viết theo dàn bài đó. Anna Bernstein, một kỹ sư tạo prompt toàn thời gian tại copy.ai, cho biết "rõ ràng" là yếu tố hang đầu. "Nếu bạn in prompt ra và đưa cho nhân vật Data trong phime Star Trek, anh ấy sẽ làm gì?" cô Bernstein nói. "Bạn cần chú ý cách gọi tên, đánh dấu sự vật và cách đưa ra các hướng dẫn." Một lời khuyên khác là, "Đưa trọng tâm của nhiệm vụ vào động từ." "Thay vì viết: 'Viết lại câu này để ngắn gọn hơn', nên viết 'Hãy cô động câu này'." Cuối cùng, tránh các câu phủ định. Thay vì nói, "Đừng quá nghiêm túc", hãy viết "Giọng văn thân mật". "Rất tiếc, nhiều bí mật của tôi được bảo vệ bằng sở hữu trí tuệ và không thể chia sẻ." ## Kỹ thuật tạo prompt sẽ trở thành một kỹ năng thông dụng? Một số người cho rằng kỹ thuật tạo prompt sẽ không phải là kỹ năng chuyên gia và nó sẽ trở nên ngày càng lỗi thời khi các công cụ AI ngày càng tiến bộ trong việc hiểu các truy vấn của con người. Ví dụ kiến thức về HTML, không còn cần thiết để tạo ra một trang web cơ bản, giống như những gì đã xảy ra vào những năm 90. Một số người khác cho rằng kỹ thuật tạo prompt sẽ trở thành kỹ năng cơ bản cho những người làm công việc văn phòng, và các công cụ này sẽ được tích hợp vào nhiều nhiệm vụ hàng ngày.
Quan điểm của Tiến sĩ Liu nằm giữa hai dự đoán này: kỹ thuật tạo prompt sẽ trở thành một kỹ năng thông dụng, ông nói, nhưng một số người sẽ giỏi hơn người khác.
Đối với một số người, đó sẽ là một kỹ năng chuyên môn, giống như khả năng lập trình.
"Kỹ năng chính của một lập trình viên thực sự không phải là viết mã lệnh. Kỹ năng quan trọng là cách chia nhỏ một nhiệm vụ phức tạp thành một chuỗi các nhiệm vụ nhỏ hơn," ông nói.
"Kỹ năng này sẽ chuyển sang ứng dụng cho kỹ thuật tạo prompt."
Ông West của Mishcon de Raya có cách nhìn tương tự về tương lai.
"Kỹ năng sử dụng GPT4 hoặc các mô hình khác sẽ trở nên cần thiết để làm việc giống như khả năng sử dụng Word hoặc các chương trình tương tự. | Prompt engineers share tips on using ChatGPT, Midjourney, Bing Chat and other generative AI
James Purtill
April 1, 2023
Seven months ago, when Jason Allen used a new kind of generative artificial intelligence (AI) program to win an art competition in Colorado, he was immediately accused of cheating.
At the time, few had used these tools, and few understood what he had done. Text-to-image programs like Midjourney or Stable Diffusion were weeks old. ChatGPT hadn't been launched.
In the period since, a remarkable change has taken place. The tools have become widely popular, and an industry has sprung up around how to best use them.
Rather than "cheating", this skill goes by another name: "prompt engineering."
> We want to hear from you:
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> How are you using generative AI like ChatGPT in your everyday life?
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Already, jobs sites feature ads for prompt engineers, while Australian marketing companies are asking for "know-how on prompting ChatGPT". Many experts say knowing how to talk to an AI program to get the best results will be a basic skill, like email or googling.
This new-found appreciation of prompt engineering skills is colliding with interpretations of copyright law. US authorities recently rejected Mr Allen's application to copyright his prize-winning image, saying "it does not contain any human authorship".
"I thought we were going to be basking in the celebration of AI," said Mr Allen, based in Colorado, about the creation of this image.
"Instead, I'm kind of like the guy that opened Pandora's Box."
So, what is prompt engineering?
And how in-demand will this new skill become?
## Learning the words of power
Most AI tools available now either generate text, such as ChatGPT, or images, such as Midjourney.
A few others do text-to-song, text-to-video, and so on.
Bing Chat AI is an exception to this. It is multi-modal, meaning it can generate both text and images from a text prompt.
First up, let's focus on text-to-image generation.
To understand how to communicate with the AI program, we need to know a little bit about how it works.
Text-to-image AI programs have been trained on a vast number of images scraped from the internet, along with any associated text.
Images scraped from, for instance, a forum for the Unreal gaming engine, will be automatically tagged with "Unreal" (along with other words, such as their caption).
Because many images have this tag (Unreal is a popular engine, so there are lots of images), the word "Unreal" has "weight" within the AI-training dataset.
This weight makes the word a powerful prompt for the AI program, generating a certain predictable aesthetic.
https://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/9e5eda96ada9dcf9b94d9156db0a7a16?impolicy=wcms_crop_resize&cropH=1024&cropW=1820&xPos=114&yPos=0&width=862&height=485
Including the prompt "Unreal" generates an image that looks like game concept art.(Supplied: PromptHero)
The same is true for any words related to cinematography, art direction, graphic design and art criticism.
However, there's no definitive guide or manual to what prompts work, or have what effect. Instead, learning how to speak to the AI is a process of trial and error.
In the months since programs like Midjourney became available,communities devoted to unpicking and sharing the secrets of AI prompts have sprung up online.
One of the largest of these is PromptHero. It started in September and has 150,000 users, of which 10,000 are active.
"I spotted this problem that when you first try to get something done with this, the first thing you usually do is pretty bad," said its co-founder Javier Ramirez, based in Portugal.
"You need to prompt in the right way to get a high-quality output."
He referred us to one of the community's members, a man who lives in the US Midwest and prefers to be identified by his PlatformHero profile, JHawkk.
https://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/95d5dd3400a9f1e9e967ce49a224f09f?impolicy=wcms_crop_resize&cropH=1024&cropW=1024&xPos=0&yPos=0&width=862&height=862
The prompt included "analog style" and "Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 STM Lens".
The image above, for instance, was made in Stable Diffusion with a string of 15 prompt phrases, from "analog style" to "cyberpunk".
JHawkk also used 31 negative prompts, describing what the image should not contain, from "disgusting" to "poorly drawn feet".
The trick to AI art was knowing the right words, JHawkk said. Like an engineer translating a design into mathematical figures, he converts the discrete aesthetic elements of an image ("ray tracing", "rim lighting") into the peculiar language of the model.
**"**Sometimes you see an image, and so you start to break apart the images into smaller phrases," he said.
"Essentially, it's how you might describe that image and especially in a way that the actual model itself could interpret that."
## The making of Théâtre D'opéra Spatial
Jason Allen said he will "never" share the string of prompts that generated his prize-winning image,Théâtre D'opéra Spatial, but was willing to talk about the process of creation.
As with JHawkk, he started by learning the right words.
"I wanted to create a cinematic scene like you might see out of a movie," he said.
"So I'm going online and finding a keyword dictionary of everything related to cinematography. I'm essentially learning to be a cinematographer."
He spent "weeks" testing different aesthetic elements in Midjourney, until he was confident he could accurately reproduce the images he imagined.
*"*We're looking for results coming out of your mind and seeing it in the final piece."
https://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/2d8c3717c7169bffd9f082d1cf0d670e?impolicy=wcms_crop_resize&cropH=768&cropW=1152&xPos=0&yPos=0&width=862&height=575
One of Jason Allen's other entries at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition.(Supplied: Jason Allen)
Then it was time to introduce the subject.
**"**I was in a hypnagogic state, I was half asleep, half dreaming these women in Victorian dresses wearing space helmets."
He wanted to combine the fashion of 19th-century England's Victorian era and the romance and melodrama of a Star Wars-like space opera.
He then made many variations on this theme by tweaking the prompts.
All up, he spent roughly 80 hours working on his entry.
https://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/dc05f20eb1af3a097698edd46a3b702e?impolicy=wcms_crop_resize&cropH=768&cropW=1152&xPos=0&yPos=0&width=862&height=575
Another of Jason Allen's "space opera" entries in the fine arts competition.
Mr Allen has hired a lawyer and appealed the US Copyright Office's decision to not award copyright, arguing that it didn't understand AI is "just a tool".
"What are you saying? Is it a person? Because it's not a person. I'm the person," he said.
"Stop throwing the users under the bus.
"We all have our creative dreams. We all have our ideas. Without that, the AI is nothing."
## AI-whisperer, salary $US335,000
While prompting for image generators involves mixing together thematic elements in an unpredictable way, prompting for text generation is very different. The focus is more on giving a very clear set of instructions.
In London, the law firm Mishcon de Raya is after a prompt engineer, able to "design and develop high-quality prompts for a range of legal and non-legal use cases".
Nick West, its chief strategy officer, said one "use case" might be analysing contracts.
"The combination of the breakthroughs of GPT4 and the chat bit of ChatGPT suddenly make this a very attractive space.
"I do believe we will be able to do stuff that we wouldn't otherwise have been able to do."
But first, the firm needs a prompt engineer.
"It turns out there are better ways of writing the prompt and less good ways of writing that prompt.
"That's what prompt engineering is."
****Which of these artworks were created using AI?****
We put an AI image generator and a human illustrator head-to-head.Read morehttps://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/7cf4f949c7b4d09f38e24f5167bdc952?impolicy=wcms_crop_resize&cropH=608&cropW=1080&xPos=0&yPos=56&width=862&height=485
In San Francisco, tech company Anthropic is offering a salary of up to $US335,000 ($500,000) for a prompt engineer.
"It's a hybrid between programming, instructing, and teaching," the ad reads.
Matt Bell, a member of Anthropic's technical staff, said the company had received more than 1,000 responses.
Although coding knowledge and a background in machine learning were helpful, "prompting itself does not require a coding background," he said.
"In fact, our best prompter is a philosopher.
"Good prompting involves writing extremely clear explanations ... and figuring out reasons for misunderstandings and how to prevent them."
## How to speak to ChatGPT or Bing Chat AI
The key to good prompt engineering was breaking a complex task into a set of simple ones, said Lingqiao Liu, a senior lecturer at the University of Adelaide's Australian Institute for Machine Learning (AIML).
Programs like ChatGPT have a tendency to slip into what he calls an "easy pattern". If you ask it a simple question (known as a "zero-shot prompt"), it will typically respond with a "vanilla" answer, lacking detail or structure.
> Write an introduction to the cassowary.
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> The cassowary is a large, flightless bird that is native to the tropical forests of Australia and Papua New Guinea. It is considered one of the most dangerous birds in the world, due to its powerful legs, sharp claws, and aggressive behavior. With its striking appearance and unique characteristics, the cassowary has captured the attention of many people around the world. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of the cassowary, exploring its physical features, habitat, behavior, diet, and conservation status. Despite its fearsome reputation, the cassowary plays an important role in the ecosystem as a seed disperser and predator, and it is essential to protect this iconic species from threats such as habitat loss and hunting.
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But there are ways to encourage it to do more.
"The general philosophy is we try and find a smarter way to let GPT explore more possibilities," Dr Liu said.
One method is "one-shot prompting". Give the AI quick explanation of what you need, by giving an example of a question-answer pair. When you ask the next question, the AI will use that answer template.
> Question: What is a cassowary?Answer:Quick stat: The cassowary is is considered one of the most dangerous birds in the worldCharacteristics: They are large, with powerful legs and sharp claws.Where do they live: The tropical forests of Australia and Papua New Guinea.What do they eat: Cassowaries are omnivores, which means they eat both plant and animal matter.Endangered status: The Southern Cassowary is listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The Northern Cassowary is listed as Vulnerable.Question:
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> What is a kookaburra?
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> Answer:Quick stat: The kookaburra is a beloved bird native to Australia, known for its distinctive call that sounds like raucous laughter.Characteristics: They are large, with powerful beaks and a stocky build.Where do they live: Throughout Australia, primarily in eucalyptus forests and woodlands, as well as suburban areas where they often nest in tree hollows.What do they eat: Carnivores, and their diet consists of insects, small mammals, reptiles, and birds.Endangered status: The kookaburra is listed as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
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Another method is known as role prompting. Provide the AI with a role that matches the form of the answer you want to receive.
> Explain the powerful owl to me in the style of David Attenborough.
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> Ah, the powerful owl, one of Australia's most magnificent and imposing birds of prey. With its piercing yellow eyes and impressive wingspan, the powerful owl commands respect in the forests where it resides. This remarkable creature can grow up to 65 cm in length and weigh up to 1.4 kg, making it one of the largest owl species in the world.The powerful owl is found throughout the eastern and southeastern parts of Australia, from northern Queensland to Tasmania. It prefers to make its home in tall eucalyptus forests, where it can easily hunt for its preferred prey of small mammals such as possums and gliders, as well as birds and insects. Despite its size and power, the powerful owl is also known for its gentle nature and the care it shows towards its young.
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A third method is introducing a critical agent. You can ask ChatGPT to write, for instance, a story about a robot, and then ask it to criticise and rewrite the story using its own suggestions.
> Criticise the following text and convince me why its not good. Let’s think about the problems with the text step by step.
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> Firstly, the text lacks an engaging opening. The writer could have started with a hook or a question to capture the reader's attention.Secondly, the description of the powerful owl's physical attributes is somewhat bland and generic. While mentioning its size and weight is informative, the writer could have added more interesting details to make the description more engaging and captivating.Thirdly, the writer could have included more information on the owl's behaviour and lifestyle, such as their nesting habits or social behaviour. This would give the reader a more complete picture of the powerful owl's life and make the text more interesting.Lastly, the discussion of the owl's endangerment and the need for conservation feels rushed and tacked on. The writer could have expanded on this point to explain the specific reasons for their decline and what steps are being taken to conserve them.Overall, while the text provides some basic information about the powerful owl, it lacks engaging descriptions and detailed information that would make it more interesting and informative.
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> Great points. Rewrite the text and improve it based on your criticism.
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> The powerful owl is an iconic bird of prey in Australia, known for its impressive size and distinctive features. Growing up to 65 cm in length and weighing up to 1.4 kg, it is one of the largest owl species in the world. Its piercing yellow eyes and imposing wingspan command respect in the tall eucalyptus forests where it prefers to make its home.[answer continues]
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A final strategy, "chain of thought", is a way of encouraging the AI to reason through a complex problem by asking it to list the steps it took to reach its answer.
Instead of asking it to "write an introduction to Australian birds", you'll get better results by asking it to first "write an outline to an introduction" for this subject. Then, ask it to follow that outline.
> Please follow the outline to write an introduction to Australian birds.
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> Sure, here's an introduction to Australian birds based on the outline provided:
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> Australia is home to an incredibly diverse range of bird species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth. With over 800 species of birds, Australia boasts a birdwatcher's paradise. From majestic birds of prey like the wedge-tailed eagle and the powerful owl, to the unique flightless emu and the iconic kookaburra, there is no shortage of fascinating birdlife to discover. [answer continues]
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Anna Bernstein, a full-time prompt engineer at the AI-powered copywriting service copy.ai, said her main tip was "clarity".
"If you printed out your input, and handed it to Data from Star Trek, what would he do?" said Ms Bernstein, who's based in New York.
"You need to pay attention to how you refer to things, label things, and give instructions."
Another tip was, "Contain the main focus of your task within the verb itself."
"Instead of 'Rewrite this to be shorter,' it's more effective and consistent to say 'Condense this.'"
Finally, avoid negative commands. Instead of saying, "Don't be overly formal", say "Keep it casual".
"The AI tends to think of pink elephants when instructed not to," Ms Bernstein said.
The rest of her know-how had to be kept secret.
"Unfortunately a lot of the discoveries I’ve made are [intellectual property], and can't be shared."
## Will prompt engineering become a standard skill?
Some argue that prompt engineering will only ever be a specialist skill, and that it will become increasingly obsolete as AI tools grow better at interpreting human queries.
Knowledge of the HTML, for instance, is no longer necessary to make a basic website, like it was in the '90s.
****We asked an AI tool to 'paint' images of Australia. Critics say they're good enough to sell****
Computer programs, trained on the internet and only invented this year have created these artworks based on a few text prompts.Read morehttps://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/c0c18f5dc74059333687a53d860c3e1e?impolicy=wcms_crop_resize&cropH=270&cropW=480&xPos=0&yPos=105&width=862&height=485
Others say prompt engineering will become a foundational skill for white-collar workers, and that using these tools will be folded into many day-to-day tasks.
Dr Liu's position was somewhere between these two predictions: prompt engineering will be a standard skill, he said, but some people will be better at it than others.
For some, it would be a specialist skill, like being able to code.
"The key skillset for a programmer is actually not to write code. The important skill is how to decompose a complicated task into a sequence of several more tasks," he said.
"This kind of skill will transfer to prompt engineering."
Mishcon de Raya's Mr West had a similar take on the future.
"Basic capability in GPT4 or other models is necessary to do the job in the same way that advanced capability to use Word or whatever else is necessary.
"But again, we're right in the foothills here, no-one really knows."
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Người khác nói rằng kỹ năng kỹ thuật nhanh sẽ trở thành kỹ năng cơ bản cho những người làm công việc văn phòng, và việc sử dụng các công cụ này sẽ được tích hợp vào nhiều nhiệm vụ hàng ngày.
Vị trí của Tiến sĩ Liu nằm giữa hai dự đoán này: kỹ thuật nhanh sẽ trở thành một kỹ năng tiêu chuẩn, ông nói, nhưng một số người sẽ giỏi hơn người.
Đối với một số người, đó sẽ là một kỹ năng chuyên môn, giống như việc có khả năng lập trình.
"Kỹ năng chính cho một lập trình viên thực sự không phải là viết mã lệnh. Kỹ năng quan trọng là cách phân rã một nhiệm vụ phức tạp thành một chuỗi các nhiệm vụ nhỏ hơn," ông nói.
"Loại kỹ năng này sẽ chuyển sang kỹ thuật nhanh."
Ông West của Mishcon de Raya có cách nhìn tương tự về tương lai.
"Khả năng cơ bản trong GPT4 hoặc các mô hình khác là cần thiết để làm việc cùng một cách như khả năng sử dụng Word hoặc bất cứ thứ gì khác.
"Nhưng một lần nữa, chúng ta đang ở đầu dốc, không ai thực sự biết.” | ㅤ |
He wanted to combine the fashion of 19th-century England's Victorian era and the romance and melodrama of a Star Wars-like space opera.
He then made many variations on this theme by tweaking the prompts.
All up, he spent roughly 80 hours working on his entry.
Another of Jason Allen's "space opera" entries in the fine arts competition.
Mr Allen has hired a lawyer and appealed the US Copyright Office's decision to not award copyright, arguing that it didn't understand AI is "just a tool".
"What are you saying? Is it a person? Because it's not a person. I'm the person," he said.
"Stop throwing the users under the bus.
"We all have our creative dreams. We all have our ideas. Without that, the AI is nothing."
AI-whisperer, salary $US335,000
While prompting for image generators involves mixing together thematic elements in an unpredictable way, prompting for text generation is very different. The focus is more on giving a very clear set of instructions.
In London, the law firm Mishcon de Raya is after a prompt engineer, able to "design and develop high-quality prompts for a range of legal and non-legal use cases".
Nick West, its chief strategy officer, said one "use case" might be analysing contracts.
"The combination of the breakthroughs of GPT4 and the chat bit of ChatGPT suddenly make this a very attractive space.
"I do believe we will be able to do stuff that we wouldn't otherwise have been able to do."
But first, the firm needs a prompt engineer.
"It turns out there are better ways of writing the prompt and less good ways of writing that prompt.
"That's what prompt engineering is."
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In San Francisco, tech company Anthropic is offering a salary of up to $US335,000 ($500,000) for a prompt engineer.
"It's a hybrid between programming, instructing, and teaching," the ad reads.
Matt Bell, a member of Anthropic's technical staff, said the company had received more than 1,000 responses.
Although coding knowledge and a background in machine learning were helpful, "prompting itself does not require a coding background," he said.
"In fact, our best prompter is a philosopher.
"Good prompting involves writing extremely clear explanations ... and figuring out reasons for misunderstandings and how to prevent them."
How to speak to ChatGPT or Bing Chat AI
The key to good prompt engineering was breaking a complex task into a set of simple ones, said Lingqiao Liu, a senior lecturer at the University of Adelaide's Australian Institute for Machine Learning (AIML).
Programs like ChatGPT have a tendency to slip into what he calls an "easy pattern". If you ask it a simple question (known as a "zero-shot prompt"), it will typically respond with a "vanilla" answer, lacking detail or structure.
Write an introduction to the cassowary.The cassowary is a large, flightless bird that is native to the tropical forests of Australia and Papua New Guinea. It is considered one of the most dangerous birds in the world, due to its powerful legs, sharp claws, and aggressive behavior. With its striking appearance and unique characteristics, the cassowary has captured the attention of many people around the world. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of the cassowary, exploring its physical features, habitat, behavior, diet, and conservation status. Despite its fearsome reputation, the cassowary plays an important role in the ecosystem as a seed disperser and predator, and it is essential to protect this iconic species from threats such as habitat loss and hunting.
But there are ways to encourage it to do more.
"The general philosophy is we try and find a smarter way to let GPT explore more possibilities," Dr Liu said.
One method is "one-shot prompting". Give the AI quick explanation of what you need, by giving an example of a question-answer pair. When you ask the next question, the AI will use that answer template.
Question: What is a cassowary?Answer:Quick stat: The cassowary is is considered one of the most dangerous birds in the worldCharacteristics: They are large, with powerful legs and sharp claws.Where do they live: The tropical forests of Australia and Papua New Guinea.What do they eat: Cassowaries are omnivores, which means they eat both plant and animal matter.Endangered status: The Southern Cassowary is listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The Northern Cassowary is listed as Vulnerable.Question:What is a kookaburra?Answer:Quick stat: The kookaburra is a beloved bird native to Australia, known for its distinctive call that sounds like raucous laughter.Characteristics: They are large, with powerful beaks and a stocky build.Where do they live: Throughout Australia, primarily in eucalyptus forests and woodlands, as well as suburban areas where they often nest in tree hollows.What do they eat: Carnivores, and their diet consists of insects, small mammals, reptiles, and birds.Endangered status: The kookaburra is listed as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Another method is known as role prompting. Provide the AI with a role that matches the form of the answer you want to receive.
Explain the powerful owl to me in the style of David Attenborough.Ah, the powerful owl, one of Australia's most magnificent and imposing birds of prey. With its piercing yellow eyes and impressive wingspan, the powerful owl commands respect in the forests where it resides. This remarkable creature can grow up to 65 cm in length and weigh up to 1.4 kg, making it one of the largest owl species in the world.The powerful owl is found throughout the eastern and southeastern parts of Australia, from northern Queensland to Tasmania. It prefers to make its home in tall eucalyptus forests, where it can easily hunt for its preferred prey of small mammals such as possums and gliders, as well as birds and insects. Despite its size and power, the powerful owl is also known for its gentle nature and the care it shows towards its young.
A third method is introducing a critical agent. You can ask ChatGPT to write, for instance, a story about a robot, and then ask it to criticise and rewrite the story using its own suggestions.
Criticise the following text and convince me why its not good. Let’s think about the problems with the text step by step.Firstly, the text lacks an engaging opening. The writer could have started with a hook or a question to capture the reader's attention.Secondly, the description of the powerful owl's physical attributes is somewhat bland and generic. While mentioning its size and weight is informative, the writer could have added more interesting details to make the description more engaging and captivating.Thirdly, the writer could have included more information on the owl's behaviour and lifestyle, such as their nesting habits or social behaviour. This would give the reader a more complete picture of the powerful owl's life and make the text more interesting.Lastly, the discussion of the owl's endangerment and the need for conservation feels rushed and tacked on. The writer could have expanded on this point to explain the specific reasons for their decline and what steps are being taken to conserve them.Overall, while the text provides some basic information about the powerful owl, it lacks engaging descriptions and detailed information that would make it more interesting and informative.Great points. Rewrite the text and improve it based on your criticism.The powerful owl is an iconic bird of prey in Australia, known for its impressive size and distinctive features. Growing up to 65 cm in length and weighing up to 1.4 kg, it is one of the largest owl species in the world. Its piercing yellow eyes and imposing wingspan command respect in the tall eucalyptus forests where it prefers to make its home.[answer continues]
A final strategy, "chain of thought", is a way of encouraging the AI to reason through a complex problem by asking it to list the steps it took to reach its answer.
Instead of asking it to "write an introduction to Australian birds", you'll get better results by asking it to first "write an outline to an introduction" for this subject. Then, ask it to follow that outline.
Please follow the outline to write an introduction to Australian birds.Sure, here's an introduction to Australian birds based on the outline provided:Australia is home to an incredibly diverse range of bird species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth. With over 800 species of birds, Australia boasts a birdwatcher's paradise. From majestic birds of prey like the wedge-tailed eagle and the powerful owl, to the unique flightless emu and the iconic kookaburra, there is no shortage of fascinating birdlife to discover. [answer continues]
Anna Bernstein, a full-time prompt engineer at the AI-powered copywriting service copy.ai, said her main tip was "clarity".
"If you printed out your input, and handed it to Data from Star Trek, what would he do?" said Ms Bernstein, who's based in New York.
"You need to pay attention to how you refer to things, label things, and give instructions."
Another tip was, "Contain the main focus of your task within the verb itself."
"Instead of 'Rewrite this to be shorter,' it's more effective and consistent to say 'Condense this.'"
Finally, avoid negative commands. Instead of saying, "Don't be overly formal", say "Keep it casual".
"The AI tends to think of pink elephants when instructed not to," Ms Bernstein said.
The rest of her know-how had to be kept secret.
"Unfortunately a lot of the discoveries I’ve made are [intellectual property], and can't be shared."
Will prompt engineering become a standard skill?
Some argue that prompt engineering will only ever be a specialist skill, and that it will become increasingly obsolete as AI tools grow better at interpreting human queries.
Knowledge of the HTML, for instance, is no longer necessary to make a basic website, like it was in the '90s.
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Others say prompt engineering will become a foundational skill for white-collar workers, and that using these tools will be folded into many day-to-day tasks.
Dr Liu's position was somewhere between these two predictions: prompt engineering will be a standard skill, he said, but some people will be better at it than others.
For some, it would be a specialist skill, like being able to code.
"The key skillset for a programmer is actually not to write code. The important skill is how to decompose a complicated task into a sequence of several more tasks," he said.
"This kind of skill will transfer to prompt engineering."
Mishcon de Raya's Mr West had a similar take on the future.
"Basic capability in GPT4 or other models is necessary to do the job in the same way that advanced capability to use Word or whatever else is necessary.
"But again, we're right in the foothills here, no-one really knows."
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